THE JOURNAL OF ROMAN STUDIES 92 2002
CONTENTS
ARTICLES
Andrew Wilson: Machines, Power and the Ancient Economy, 1
Michael Koortbojian: A Painted Exemplum at Rome's Temple of Liberty, 33
Mary Jaeger: Cicero and Archimedes' Tomb, 49
Ruth Morello: Livy's Alexander Digression (9.17-19): Counterfactuals and Apologetics, 62
John Moles: Reconstructing Plancus (Horace, C. 1.7), 86
John Henderson: Columella's Living Hedge: the Roman Gardening Book, 110
R. R. R. Smith: The Statue Monument of Oecumenius: a New Portrait of a Late Antique Governor from Aphrodisias, 134
Danuta Shanzer: Avulsa a Latere Meo: Augustine's Spare Rib -- Confessions 6.15.25, 157
REVIEW ARTICLE
Erich S. Gruen: Innovation and Restraint (reviews A. K. Bowman, P. Garnsey and D. Rathbone (eds), The Cambridge Ancient History (2nd edition) Vol. XI. The High Empire, A.D. 70-192), 177
A. D. Lee: Decoding Late Roman Law (reviews J. Harries, Law and Empire in Late Antiquity; T. Honoré, Law in the Crisis of Empire, 379-455 AD: The Theodosian Dynasty and its Quaestors; J. F. Matthews, Laying Down the Law: A Study of the Theodosian Code), 185
REVIEWS (in alphabetical order)
Amann, P., Die Etruskerin. Geschlechterverhältnis und Stellung der Frau im frühen Etrurien (9.–5. Jh v. Chr.) (by S. Haynes), 210
Athanassiadi, P., and M. Frede (Eds), Pagan Monotheism in Late Antiquity (by F. R. Trombley), 263
Auhagen, U., Der Monolog bei Ovid (by B. Weiden Boyd), 243
Barkan, L., Unearthing the Past: Archaeology and Aesthetics in the Making of Renaissance Culture (by Y. Haskell), 220
Bergmann, M., Chiragan, Aphrodisias, Konstantinopel: zur mythologischen Skulptur der Spätantike (by J. Elsner), 268
Beutel, F., Vergangenheit als Politik. Neue Aspekte im Werk des Jungeren Plinius (by J. Henderson), 253
Bispham, E., and C. Smith (Eds), Religion in Archaic and Republican Rome and Italy: Evidence and Experience (by S. J. Green), 228
Bouquet, J., Le songe dans l’épopée latine d’Ennius à Claudien (by M. Brady), 224
Bowman, A. K., and E. Rogan (Eds), Agriculture in Egypt from Pharaonic to Modern Times (by D. W. Rathbone), 201
Braudel, F., The Mediterranean in the Ancient World (by L. Nixon), 195
Bretzigheimer, G., Ovids Amores: Poetik in der Erotik (by S. Wheeler), 244
Brilliant, R., My Laocoön: Alternative Claims in the Interpretation of Artworks (by C. Edwards), 219
Burton, P., The Old Latin Gospels. A Study of their Texts and Language (by J. Clackson), 265
Campbell. B., The Writings of the Roman Land Surveyors. Introduction, Text, Translation and Commentary (by S. Cuomo), 200
Chassignet, M. (Ed.), L’annalistique romaine. Tome II. L’annalistique moyenne (by E. Bispham), 199
Claridge, A., Rome: an Oxford Archaeological Guide (by E. Bispham), 218
Clarke, K., Between Geography and History: Hellenistic Constructions of the Roman World (by M. Beagon), 198
Conybeare, C., Paulinus Noster: Self and Symbols in the Letters of Paulinus of Nola (by J. O’Donnell), 266
Courtney, E., A Companion to Petronius (by N. Holzberg), 249
Cristofani, M., Etruschi e altre genti nell’Italia preromana. Mobilità in età arcaica (by V. Izzet), 208
Croke, B., Count Marcellinus and his Chronicle (by R. W. Burgess), 267
Davies, P. J. E., Death and the Emperor: Roman Imperial Funerary Monuments from Augustus to Marcus Aurelius (by J. T. Peña), 237
Dixon, S. (Ed.), Childhood, Class and Kin in the Roman World (by V. Hope), 205
Duff, T., Plutarch’s Lives: Exploring Virtue and Vice (by A. Zadorojnyi), 254
Egelhaaf-Gaiser, U., Kultraüme im römischen Alltag: das Isisbuch des Apuleius und der Ort der Religion im Kaiserzeitlichen Rom (by R. May), 258
Erdmann, M., Überredende Reden in Vergils Aeneis (by I. Gildenhard), 241
Erdrich, M., Rom und die Barbaren. Das Verhältnis zwischen dem Imperium romanum und den germanischen Stämmen vor seiner Nordwestgrenze von der späten römischen Republik bis zum gallischen Sonderreich (by M. Carroll), 215
Ferris, I. M., Enemies of Rome: Barbarians through Roman Eyes (by K. Milnor), 214
Flemming, R., Medicine and the Making of Roman Women: Gender, Nature, and Authority from Celsus to Galen (by L. T. Pearcy), 204
Fraschetti, A. (Ed.), La commemorazione di Germanico nella documentazione epigrafica: Tabula Hebana e Tabula Siarensis (by B. M. Levick), 236
Gale, M. R., Virgil on the Nature of Things: the Georgics, Lucretius and the Didcatic Tradition (by J. Farrell), 239
Garnsey, P., and C. Humfress, The Evolution of the Late Antique World (by D. E. Trout), 259
Gee, E., Ovid, Aratus and Augustus: Astronomy in Ovid’s Fasti (by M. Fox), 246
Giannichedda, E. (Ed.), Filattiera-Sorano: l’insediamento di età romana e tardoantica. Scavi 1986–1995 (by N. Christie), 269
Giesecke, A. L., Atoms, Ataraxy and Allusion: Cross-generic Imitation of the De Rerum Natura in Early Augustan Poetry (by M. R. Gale), 232
Giovannini, A. (Ed.), La révolution romaine après Ronald Syme. Bilans et perspectives (by N. Morley), 197
Godman, P., The Silent Masters: Latin Literature and its Censors in the High Middle Ages (by J. Barry), 228
Goldhill, S. (Ed.), Being Greek under Rome: Cultural Identity, the Second Sophistic and the Development of Empire (by S. J. Harrison), 256
Grahame, G., Reading Space: Social Interaction and Identity in the Houses of Roman Pompeii (by M. George), 238
Gunderson, E., Staging Masculinity: the Rhetoric of Performance in the Roman World (by D. Fredrick), 206
Harrison, G. W. M. (Ed.), Seneca in Performance (by H. M. Hine), 251
Hartmann, U., Das Palmyrenische Teilreich, Oriens et Occidens (by T. Kaizer), 263
Hill, D. E., Ovid: Metamorphoses XIII–XV. Edited with an Introduction, Translation and Notes (by P. E. Knox), 247
Hine, H. M., Seneca: Medea (by R. J. Tarrant), 251
Hodges, R., Visions of Rome. Thomas Ashby Archaeologist (by T. Rasmussen), 221
Horden, P., and N. Purcell, The Corrupting Sea. A Study of Mediterranean History (by L. Nixon), 195
Hunink, V., Apuleius of Madauros: Florida. Edited with a Commentary (by R. May), 258
Hurley, D. W., Suetonius: Divus Claudius (by V. E. Pagán), 252
Johnson, W. R., Lucretius and the Modern World (by G. Campbell), 232
Leyerle, B., Theatrical Shows and Ascetic Lives. John Chrysostom’s Attack on Spiritual Marriage (by W. Mayer), 266
Lo Cascio, E., and D. W. Rathbone (Eds), Production and Public Powers in Classical Antiquity (by C. Bruun) , 201
Luciani, S., L’éclaire immobile dans la plaine, philosophie et poétique du temps chez Lucrèce (by M. R. Gale), 232
Maetzke, G. (Ed.), Identità e civiltà dei Sabini (by V. Izzet), 208
McCarthy, K., Slaves, Masters and the Art of Authority in Plautine Comedy (by A. Sharrock), 231
McKinley, K. L., Reading the Ovidian Heroine. ‘Metamorphoses’ Commentaries 1100–1618 (by M. Skoie), 248
Meyer, H., Prunkkameen und Staatsdenkmäler römischer Kaiser: Neue Perspektiven zur Kunst der frühen Prinzipatzeit (by S. Hales), 238
Miller, D. A., The Epic Hero (by B. D. A. Tipping), 223
Mitchell, S., and G. Greatrex (Eds), Ethnicity and Culture in Late Antiquity (by R. Rees), 260
Nadaï, J. C. de, Rhétorique et poétique dans la Pharsale de Lucain: la Crise de la représentation dans la poésie antique (by C. Tesoriero), 250
Nappa, C., Aspects of Catullus’ Social Fiction (by D. Wray), 234
Noy, D., Foreigners at Rome: Citizens and Strangers (by C. Vout), 203
Oxé, A., H. Comfort and P. Kenrick, Corpus Vasorum Arretinorum (by R. J. A. Wilson), 212
Payne, A., A. Kuttner and R. Smick (Eds), Antiquity and its Interpreters (by C. Edwards), 219
Putnam, M. C. J., Horace’s Carmen Saeculare. Ritual Magic and the Poet’s Art (by J. Henderson), 242
Reeson, J. (Ed.), Ovid Heroides 11, 13 and 14. A Commentary (by P. E. Knox), 245
Riggsby, A. M., Crime and Community in Ciceronian Rome (by C. P. Craig), 230
Ripoll López, G., Toréutica de la Bética (siglos VI y VII D.C.) (by A. Coroleu), 270
Satlow, M. L., Jewish Marriage in Antiquity (by A. Tropper), 207
Schmit-Neuerburg, T., Vergils Aeneis und die antike Homerexegese: Untersuchungen zum Einfluss ethischer und kritischer Homerrezeption auf Imitatio und Aemulatio Vergils (by D. P. Nelis), 240
Sear, D. R., Roman Coins and their Values Vol. I: the Republic and the Twelve Caesars 280BC–AD96 (by K. Sugden), 216
Sharrock, A., and H. Morales (Eds), Intratextuality: Greek and Roman Textual Relations (by J. Farrell), 226
Smith, C., and J. Serrati (Eds), Sicily from Aeneas to Augustus. New Approaches in Archaeology and History (by J. Prag), 202
Stapleton, M. L., Thomas Heywood’s Art of Love: the First Complete English Translation of Ovid’s Ars Amatoria (by G. Liveley), 247
Taplin, O. (Ed.), Literature in the Greek and Roman Worlds: a New Perspective (by M. Brady), 225
Vagi, D. L., Coinage and History of the Roman Empire (by K. Sugden), 216
Walker, J., Rhetoric and Poetics in Antiquity (by T. Hill), 225
Watson, A., Aurelian and the Third Century (by J. F. Drinkwater), 261
Wright, G. R. H., Ancient Building Technology. Volume I. Historical Background (by G. W. Houston), 212
Yakobson, A., Elections and Electioneering in Rome. A Study in the Political System of the Late Republic (by J. Paterson), 229
Young, G. K., Rome’s Eastern Trade. International Commerce and Imperial Policy 31 BC–AD 305 (by C. Adams), 234
Zamarchi Grassi, P. (Ed.), Castiglion Fiorentino. Un nuovo centro etrusco (by V. Izzet), 208
JRS 2002 ABSTRACTS
Andrew Wilson: Machines, Power and the Ancient Economy
This paper examines the relationship between the design and use of mechanical technology, patronage and investment, and economic return, using three main case studies: water-lifting devices, the water-powered grain mill, and the diverse uses of water-power in mining. Water-power was used on a wide scale and in diversified forms at an early date (by the first century A.D.), and the use of mechanical technology to perform economically critical work had an important impact on economic performance and the potential for per capita growth, especially in the latter centuries B.C. and the first two centuries A.D. Conversely, in the third century A.D. the cessation of the employment of hydraulic mining techniques enabling large-scale extraction of gold and other metals may have had an adverse impact on the economy as a whole. Growth and progress do not necessarily follow a linear pattern of advance; technologies are lost as well as adopted.
Michael Koortbojian: A Painted Exemplum at Rome's Temple of Liberty
Livy attests, with an unusual anecdote, a painting commissioned for Rome's Temple of Liberty. The subject matter of the image -- the festivities following a victory in 214 B.C. -- is to be understood an an exemplum, and the picture's display in the temple as a political act. The possible appearance of such a painting is discussed, what such an image might have meant to Romans of the late third century is examined, and how its unusual subject matter related to what we can reconstruct of mid-Republican imagery is established.
Mary Jaeger: Cicero and Archimedes' Tomb
While arguing that virtue suffices for happiness Cicero invokes Archimedes as an exemplum of the happiness of the life of inquiry in contrast to the misery of the tyrant Dionysius (Tusculan Disputations 5.64-6). Yet the anecdote that follows reports Cicero's discovery of the mathematician's neglected tomb and draws attention to his own active curiosity. Thus it brings together Cicero and Archimedes, two men whose lives combine theoretical and practical accomplishments. Casting himself as Archimedes' heir, who preserves and renews the intellectual heritage of the Greeks, Cicero, the Roman statesman-philosopher makes the anecdote emblematic of his own endeavour.
Ruth Morello: Livy's Alexander Digression (9.17-19): Counterfactuals and Apologetics
This article offers a new reading of Livy's Alexander digression (9.17-19) and demonstrates that its allusions both to Livy's own work and to key debates of Sallustian and Catonian historiography centre upon a major historical/historiographical question: the place of 'unus homo' in res publica and in res gestae. Livy assesses the problematic status of the Great Man against the background of a eulogizing survey of Republican tradition, in which no one man is ever indispensable or unique, and asserts that the figure of the 'unushomo' is dangerous for his state not only because of the risk of tyranny but also because of the unhealthy dependency of the state upon one short-lived mortal. Consequently, this article suggests, our understanding of Livy’s view of Augustus should be revised in the light of his pluralizing and anti-monarchical digression.
John Moles: Reconstructing Plancus (Horace, C. 1.7)
The Teucer myth has triple relevance -- to the death of Plancus' brother; to Plancus' desertion of Antony; and to a rich analogy between Plancus and Virgil's Aeneas. Plancus is praised for his change of allegiance and for heroically surmounting his disreputable Antonian past; these implications are topical in 23 B.C., a year of crisis in which the ex-Antonian Plancus was censor-designate; but there is another, personal, level on which Horace celebrates the survival of Plancus and himself from the storms of civil war and also advocates repeated symposiastic relief from inevitable future troubles. Finally, it is hypothesized that Horace deftly alludes to Plancus' hypothetical second marriage.
John Henderson: Columella's Living Hedge: the Roman Gardening Book
This essay places Columella's two treatments of gardening within (i) the overall economy of his farm and (ii) the organization of his text on farming. The surprise treatment of the garden in a book of verse (10) is compounded by its reprise in a supplementary book on the farming calendar (11: ch. 3). After an apparently final table of contents (to end Book 11), a further study takes the reader inside the farm-house, to receive, process, preserve, and store Columella's produce (12). The lay-out of De re rustica shapes on-going instruction in the logic and dynamics of farming, laying special emphasis on what makes the garden a site that calls for exceptional treatment. The rapture of Book 10 is aptly set off against the painstaking expertise that rules the rest of the farming prose.
R. R. R. Smith: The Statue Monument of Oecumenius: a New Portrait of a Late Antique Governor from Aphrodisias
The article is the first publication of a new late antique portrait from Aphrodisias in Caria that has a statue body, an inscribed base, and a precise ancient setting. It was set up in honour of a provincial governor named Oecumenius, and his chlamydatus statue is now the most complete and best documented example around which others of this characteristic type of late antique statue can be understood. The monument also has wider connections outside Aphrodisias and raises interesting problems of historical interpretation in the period around A.D. 400.
Danuta Shanzer: Avulsa a Latere Meo: Augustine's Spare Rib -- Confessions 6.15.25
A literary and historical re-examination of Confessions 6.15.25, Augustine's separation from his anonymous first concubine, suggesting studied evocation of Genesis 2.21-24, the creation of Eve. It argues that in De Bono coniugali 5 Augustine spoke of both his relationships, not just the first. The evasive (and often quasi-mendacious) sexual narrative of the Confessions is re-examined. Augustine regarded his concubinage as a virtual marriage, and customary assumptions about Anonyma 1's status and about ingenuae entering concubinages may require revision. So too the chronology of the relationship. Augustine's intellectual struggle with the definition of marriage (Roman, Christian, and Old Testament) is outlined as well as his unhappy awareness of secular legalities, submission to society, cowardly equivocation, and homage to a lost love.